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Ascoli Piceno: the Piceno Capital
The Piceno people, also called Picenti,
began to differentiate themselves from other Italic populations
during the Iron Age. They had control over a vast area of the Middle
Adriatic between the regions of the Marches and Abruzzo from the
beginning of the ninth century BC up until the conclusion of the
Roman expansionist invasion. Recent studies don't make mention of a
movement en masse of nearby populations, but rather a fusion of
diversified provenience and cultures that only after much time gave
life to the autochthonous people that we now call the Piceni, with
Ascoli as their capital. The interest that the Romans had in
dominating this area provoked a rebellion in the year 269 BC that
succeeded, in spite of the defeats that Ascoli suffered, to conserve
the city's independence as civitas foederata.
The name "Ascoli"
Various theories exist regarding the origin of the city's name.
According to the Latin poet Silio Italic, the Pelasgi - a Greek
population - led by King Aesis, had settled along the Adriatic coast
and intermingled with the pre-existing populations that were present
in the Piceno territory from before the neo-eneolithic age, making
their settlement the present-day hill of the Annunziata, which is
called still to this day Pelasgic Hill. From the root "as" taken
from the mythical king's name, one can possibly explain the place
names such as Ascoli, Aso, Iesi.
... and the name Piceno
According to the version recounted by Strabone and Pliny the
Younger, the Sabine peoples made their appearance in this territory
in the instance of a ritual migration known as the primavera sacra.
In this voyage, guided by a woodpecker (picchio) - a bird sacred to
Mars – or by Pico, mythical king and son of Saturn, one may explain
the origin of the name Piceno.
The Siege
At the start of year 91 BC another s event made its mark on the
relations between Romans and the Piceni: the outbreak of the "Social
War", fought by the Italic peoples for the right to gain Roman
citizenship. Ascoli played a fundamental role in that it signaled
the beginning of the revolt. After the assassination of the
Proconsol Quinto Caio Servilio and along with him all of the Romans
having residence in Ascoli, Rome reacted by sending an army
commanded by Gneo Pompeo Strabone; the defense was strenuous and the
city capitulated only in the year 89 BC following a lengthy siege.
Evidence of the battles between Romans and Ascolans are the many
acorn missiles made of lead that have been found along the Castellano
Torrent and currently conserved in Ascoli's Archeological Museum. Of
particular interest are those that bear inscriptions, among which
one that exhibits for the first time the name Italia.
The Piceno Civilization
The finds that came forth from the excavation in the territory -
pottery, armaments, jewelry, etc. - are exhibited in grand
quantity at the Archeological Museum.
The Stone Tablet of Castignano
One of the most interesting artifacts conserved in the Archeological
Museum is the funerary stone tablet of Castignano, which presents a
bustofedric inscription (that is, the writing changes direction on
alternating lines), it is of a son who admonishes whoever dare
attempt to profane the father's (pateresh) and mother's (materesh)
tomb.
Courtesy of the Comune Ascoli Piceno
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